Basics of Bipolar Disorder
Bipolar disorder, also known as manic-depressive illness, is a mental health condition characterized by extreme mood swings. These mood episodes can range from periods of intense energy and euphoria (mania) to deep sadness and hopelessness (depression). The condition is classified into two main types: Bipolar I Disorder and Bipolar II Disorder. This article focuses on Bipolar I Disorder, the more severe form of the illness.
Understanding the Bipolar Spectrum
Bipolar I Disorder is defined by the presence of at least one manic episode, which is a period of abnormally elevated mood, energy, and activity levels lasting at least one week. During a manic episode, individuals may experience symptoms such as racing thoughts, grandiose ideas, decreased need for sleep, and impulsive behavior. These episodes can significantly impair daily functioning and may require hospitalization in severe cases.
Recognizing Mood Fluctuations in Bipolar Disorder
In addition to manic episodes, individuals with Bipolar I Disorder may also experience periods of depression. Depressive episodes can involve persistent feelings of sadness, loss of interest in activities, changes in appetite and sleep patterns, and difficulty concentrating. The severity and duration of these episodes can vary, and individuals may cycle between manic and depressive states over time.